History & Classics

Given that the most widely accepted date for the start of the Wars of the Roses is 1455, it is unsurprising that the military defeats and collapse of active kingship in 1453-54 are often cited as causes...

Trying to psychoanalyse historical figures is rarely productive, but Cicero was a type we can all recognise. He had a huge but exceedingly brittle ego which could seesaw from self-regard to self-loathing,...

To read The Palestinians nearly half a century later is to recognise that the many defeats the Palestinian population had already endured, along with those of their unreliable Arab friends in three humiliating...

What must it have been like to live cheek by jowl with the man you’d cuckolded? In the early 19th century, for a woman’s cavalier servente to occupy the same household as her husband was not uncommon,...

Pepys was a meticulous – some might say compulsive – record-keeper. Into his diary’s pages went social debts (who had given him dinner, who still owed him one), gossip, the music he heard and the...

Lippmann was called the greatest journalist of his age, but his claims as an original thinker rest on his book Public Opinion, published in 1922. The book posits that modern man responds not to accuracy...

Above all, Jackson presents James as a ‘king of words’. No king before or since has written so thoughtfully about the nature of kingship. His ‘manual on kingcraft’, Basilikon Doron (‘The King’s...

The life of the tenth Ottoman sultan, Suleyman, known in Europe as the Magnificent and in Turkey as the Lawgiver, has the trappings of a Greek tragedy or a soap opera. There is murder, sex, duplicity...

She is​ the queen of excess, who teaches us the lessons of history with shepherdess costumes and lace ruffles. Marie-Antoinette, consort to Louis XVI of France, frolicked her way to revolution and death...

Readers familiar with the legend of Pocahontas – baptised an Anglican in the church at Jamestown – and the puritan folklore of Thanksgiving might be surprised by the existence of Catholic colonists:...

The Surrealists saw colonialism and imperialism as intrinsic to fascism, and from start to finish they campaigned against both, opposing the wars in Morocco in the 1920s and Algeria in the 1950s. ‘You...

After reading​ Geoff Browell and Eileen Chanin’s concise history of the Strand, you will never walk down that street again without thinking of the hippopotami that wallowed in a primeval swamp at the...

Although Ireland had endured earlier famines – including one in the 1740s that, proportionally, claimed more lives – the Great Famine remains a decisive turning point in Irish history. It came to be...

Emilio Silva set up the Asociación para la Recuperación de la Memoria Histórica to improve and formalise the process of recovering the desaparecidos, ‘the disappeared’. ‘That word was important...

Gutenberg remains unknowable: an implied but not a felt presence. This is true for all but a small number of 15th-century lives, of course, but it’s impossible to ignore the gulf between Gutenberg’s...

We still live in the long shadow of Habsburg disintegration. In addition to the lingering legacy of 19th-century state formations, European and global politics are shaken by continuing reverberations in...

Liverpool’s explosive growth followed the construction of a deep-water port in 1715. Soon it was a centre of the British imperial maritime economy. But decline set in after the First World War. By the...

Along with their terminology, the Romans had passed down to early medieval Europe the belief that crowds were an important source of validation. Hordes of admirers attested to the holiness of relics. Adoring...