Back to the futuh
Robert Irwin, 1 August 1996
The Middle East: 2000 Years of History from the Birth of Christianity to the Present Day
by Bernard Lewis.
Weidenfeld, 433 pp., £20, September 1995,0 297 81345 5 Show More
by Bernard Lewis.
Weidenfeld, 433 pp., £20, September 1995,
“... the resistance of the Qur’an by the device of esoteric interpretation’. However, S.M. Stern and Claude Cahen, both writing in 1970, demolished the notion that guilds, whether directed by Isma’ilis or not, played any significant part in the organisation of the Islamic city. Indeed, evidence for the very existence of craft and trade guilds prior ... ”