Women scientists – even the most distinguished of them – have a notoriously hard time. In feminist mythology at least, plagiarism by their male colleagues, belated recognition (if...

Read more about Bench Space: Norfolk Girl gets Nobel Prize

Why so cross? natural selection

Thomas Nagel, 1 April 1999

Contemporary biologists who write for the general public usually have more to impart than scientific information. They have lessons to teach us about how to think of ourselves and our relation to...

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Sea-shells and Tigers

Philip Kitcher, 18 March 1999

‘Each week I plot your equations dot for dot, xs against ys in all manner of algebraical relation, and every week they draw themselves as commonplace geometry, as if the world of forms were...

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In October 1971 a Soviet scientist flew over the burning land around Hanoi, his passenger jet given a safe corridor by Phantom fighters from the air force that was busy laying waste to the...

Read more about Chemical Soup: embalming Lenin’s body

Thomas Edison invented himself, and then he invented the legend. He did the first in the usual, recognisably Victorian way, from scratch, with terrific self-confidence, huge energy, astute focus...

Read more about A Tentative Idea for a Lamp: Thomas Edison

There is a disease which affects young girls, particularly around the onset of menstruation. It is known colloquially as ‘the horrors’, and its symptoms are evident. The disease makes...

Read more about Women at the Mercy of Men: Greek Gynaecology

Scientific Antlers: Fraud in the Lab

Steven Shapin, 4 March 1999

It is a contemporary American morality play. The leading roles are played by an alpha male and his junior female colleague; bad behaviour between them is alleged; accusations of lying fly about;...

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Not so Clever Hans

Jerry Fodor, 4 February 1999

Maybe, some day, we’ll have serious and well-confirmed theories about how minds work; theories that actually explain interesting things. Historians of science will then be able to consider...

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Mr B.F. Hartshorne … states in the most positive manner that the Weddas of Ceylon never laugh. Every conceivable incitive to laughter was used in vain. When asked whether they ever...

Read more about How far down the dusky bosom? The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals by Charles Darwin

Diary: Nocturnal Plastifications

Katherine Duncan-Jones, 12 November 1998

At the end of August 1996 both my daughters left home to take up graduate scholarships in America. I knew that they would probably never again spend extended periods in my house, but persuaded...

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You win, I win: unselfish behaviour

Philip Kitcher, 15 October 1998

Organisms that contribute to the reproductive success of their species by doing things that decrease the size of their own brood appear to be inevitable losers in the Darwinian struggle. Since...

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Shock Lobsters: The Burgess Shale

Richard Fortey, 1 October 1998

Five hundred and twenty million years ago, in the Cambrian sea, there swam and crawled a bizarre array of animals. There was Opabinia, which carried on its head a veritable cluster of eyes, not...

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Freak Anatomist: Hilary Mantel

John Mullan, 1 October 1998

In the Council Room of the Royal College of Surgeons hangs the portrait by Joshua Reynolds of the 18th-century surgeon and anatomist John Hunter. It has been much darkened by the bitumen content...

Read more about Freak Anatomist: Hilary Mantel

Anatomical cabinets, displaying bodies bottled whole or in segments, are gripping artists’ and writers’ imaginations: the Enlightenment’s relish for physical data banks excites...

Read more about Is there another place from which the dickhead’s self can speak? the body and law

Being affectionate with numbers, endlessly wondering about them, loving them, is, though impersonal and bloodless, no more strange perhaps than being possessed by the endless ramifications of...

Read more about Fortress Mathematica: John Nash and Paul Erdos

Shifting Sands: how nature works

Peter Lipton, 3 September 1998

Taken alone, the basic laws of physics suggest a bleak universe, a thin, cold soup of atoms in motion. From this point of view, the complex dynamic structures we actually find, animate and...

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Diary: ME

Sarah Rigby, 20 August 1998

Last week I walked home from Shepherd’s Bush Green. It isn’t far – people who come to visit say it takes them about ten minutes – but it felt like a considerable...

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Sailing Scientist: Edmund Halley

Steven Shapin, 2 July 1998

Joined for all time on the title-page of the Book that Made the Modern World are Isaac Newton (who wrote the Principia Mathematica) and Samuel Pepys (who, as President of the Royal Society,...

Read more about Sailing Scientist: Edmund Halley